This branch of medicine ranges from common gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorders such constipation, acute diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), to more severe diseases such as colonic polyps, stomach, and colon cancers that would require regular screenings.

Diabetes leads to numerous endocrine system complications and diseases from obesity, lipid abnormalities, blood clots that block veins (thrombosis), to chronic life-long condition such as diabetes mellitus type II. The burden of the comorbidities is manifested in chronic complications such as diabetic foot ulcer, neuropathy and vascular pathologies.